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Wnt-dependent de novo hair follicle (研究發現毛囊可再生)
禿頭族福音 研究發現毛囊可再生
Wnt-dependent de novo hair follicle regeneration in adult mouse skin after wounding
一份突破性的新研究指出,透過類似胚胎發展所經歷的分子過程方式,皮膚受傷的老鼠傷口會再生新毛,意味童山濯濯的人類日後可望透過基因治療,重拾一頭茂密秀髮。這項研究刊載於最新一期「自然」期刊。
透過基因治療 可望重拾秀髮
研究人員還找出一種攸關正常毛髮發展的基因Wnt,並能透過促進或抑制蛋白質分子活動,來刺激或中止毛髮生長,開啟非侵入式的落髮治療。研究發現,皮膚受傷後,Wnt基因會發出分子訊號,促使負責生長毛髮的毛囊再生。
人類頭皮上約有十萬個微小毛囊,過去認為毛囊無法再生。但上述最新研究顯示,毛囊可以再生,此一結果震驚不少科學家。此一研究也複製了五十年前在兔子、老鼠與人類身上就觀察到,但當時廣遭駁斥且此後被忽視的結果。
該研究報告主要執筆人、美國賓州大學醫學院皮膚科教授柯薩瑞里斯說,該研究為男性禿與其他類型落髮的療法搭橋鋪路,治療方法應該是塗抹化合物,讓表皮細胞變成生髮毛囊;這些再生的毛囊功能正常,會經歷許多頭髮生長階段的週期,也與其他附近原有毛髮無異─唯一的差別在於,再生毛髮由於缺乏色素沉著,因此是白色的。老鼠實驗顯示,棕毛鼠身上會長出一塊標示著皮膚受傷區域的白毛。
老鼠實驗結果 傷口再生新毛
研究人員在成年鼠的背上,移除直徑約一到二.五公分的表皮,製造出大傷口。結果發現,這個傷口中間會長出新毛,因為老鼠皮膚此時產生類似胚胎毛囊發展階段的變化;靜止的胚胎分子路徑因此被「喚醒」,將幹細胞送至皮膚受傷處;這些稍後變成再生毛囊的幹細胞,並非通常與毛囊發展有關的幹細胞,而是來自表皮細胞。柯薩瑞里斯說,但這些細胞不知何故發生基因改變,開始製造毛囊。
研究人員還發現一種強化自然再生的過程,藉由對皮膚加強Wnt基因的分子訊號,老鼠可以長出兩倍的新毛。研究人員最後做出結論,認為該研究結果提供讓人類操控毛囊再生、治療傷口、落髮與其他退化性疾病的機會。
美國南加州大學病理學家鍾正明在「自然」期刊發表的評論中表示,新毛囊成長、歷經毛髮週期到最後與鄰近毛髮無異,「這些意想不到的發現,將改變我們目前對成年哺乳類動物修復與再生的了解」。不過,鍾正明也警告,人類皮膚與老鼠皮膚的癒合方式不同。
Wnt-dependent de novo hair follicle regeneration in adult mouse skin after wounding
Mayumi Ito1, Zaixin Yang1, Thomas Andl1, Chunhua Cui1, Noori Kim1, Sarah E. Millar1 & George Cotsarelis1
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
Nature 447, 316-320 (17 May 2007)
The mammalian hair follicle is a complex 'mini-organ' thought to form only during development1; loss of an adult follicle is considered permanent. However, the possibility that hair follicles develop de novo following wounding was raised in studies on rabbits2, 3, mice4 and even humans fifty years ago5. Subsequently, these observations were generally discounted because definitive evidence for follicular neogenesis was not presented6. Here we show that, after wounding, hair follicles form de novo in genetically normal adult mice. The regenerated hair follicles establish a stem cell population, express known molecular markers of follicle differentiation, produce a hair shaft and progress through all stages of the hair follicle cycle. Lineage analysis demonstrated that the nascent follicles arise from epithelial cells outside of the hair follicle stem cell niche, suggesting that epidermal cells in the wound assume a hair follicle stem cell phenotype. Inhibition of Wnt signalling after re-epithelialization completely abrogates this wounding-induced folliculogenesis, whereas overexpression of Wnt ligand in the epidermis increases the number of regenerated hair follicles. These remarkable regenerative capabilities of the adult support the notion that wounding induces an embryonic phenotype in skin, and that this provides a window for manipulation of hair follicle neogenesis by Wnt proteins. These findings suggest treatments for wounds, hair loss and other degenerative skin disorders.
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